Subintuitionistic logics as a theme were first studied by G. Corsi, who introduced a basic system F in a Hilbert style proof system. The system F is sound and complete with respect to the class of Kripke frames in which the assumption of preservation of truth is dropped and which are not assumed to be reflexive or transitive. Dick de Jongh and F. Sh. Maleki, have introduced a basic logic WF in a Hilbert style proof system, much weaker than F. They proved that Subintuitionistic logic WF is sound and complete with respect to the class of neighborhood models with a somewhat more complex definition than the neighborhood models for classical (non-normal) modal logics. So far, no natural deduction system has been presented for any of these two basic systems F and WF. This paper is devoted to the introduction of natural deduction systems for Subintuitionistic logics WF and F.

Usually two-dimensional substitution is used for the production of integrated circuits. Due to heavy use of communications, two-dimensional substitution has high losses as well as, density of elements is low in it. To resolve this problem, three-dimensional substitution method was proposed. Rather than the two-dimensional arrangement of elements in a row, elements are layout in three dimensions in this substitution. In this paper, three-dimensional substitution algorithms using order used in two-dimensional substitution, three-dimensional substitution analysis by mPL and three-dimensional substitution simultaneous with two-dimensional substitution by mPL have been studied in terms of structure and function, and a butterfly processing element (PE) and an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block and a wireless MIMO decoder to assess them have been implemented with the mentioned methods. . Applying these methods shows that the use of face to face integration by microbuses in communications of substitution algorithm, on average, improves the maximum clock and block speed of AES encryption to 15. 3% and the maximum clock and block speed of PE module to 22. 6% as well as the maximum clock and speed of MIMO modules to 17. 1%, while the use of these methods has led to the average reduction in power consumption of 2. 6% for the AES module and the average reduction in power of 12. 9% for the PE module and the average reduction in power consumption of 5. 1% for MIMO module.

In [On a generalization of weak atness property, Asian-European Journal of Mathematics, 14(1) (2021)] we introduce a generalization of weak atness property, called (WF) ′, , and showed that a monoid S is absolutely (WF) ′,if and only if S is regular and satis, es Conditions (R(WF)′,) and (L(WF)′,). In this paper we continue the characterization of monoids by this property of their (, nitely generated, (mono)cyclic, Rees factor) right acts. Also we give a classi, cation of monoids for which (WF) ′,property of their (, nitely generated, (mono)cyclic, Rees factor) right acts imply other properties and vise versa. The aim of this paper is to show that the class of absolutely (WF) ′,monoids and absolutely (weakly) at monids are coincide.

We know for logic two systems: the Ancient logic and the Modern logic, which are inconsistent in some points of view. In this paper, I want to see if Ancient logic, versus Modern logic, is really one logic, has one set of rules, and introduces one methodology. There are many disagreements on the number and the exact formulation of the valid rules of Ancient Predicate logic. For instance, the various formulations of the Obversion and Contraposition (the congruent and the opposite) can be mentioned as evidence for the claim. Since Aristotle has not spoken of contraposition, it can be concluded that adding the two forms of contraposition to his logical rules provide us with two new logical systems, in which the formulations of the quantified propositions differ from that in Aristotle’s system. Also, since there have appeared different theories on Congruent Contraposition and the Obvertion between Muslim logicians, the number of the systems has reached the six. In this paper, introducing an exact definition for each of these systems, I present suitable formulations for the quantified propositions at the mentioned six systems.

Quantum mechanics replaced the traditional mechanics in the early twentieth century. To study Schrodinger’ s wave equation, whose position in this new mechanics is like the status of Newton’ s movement laws in traditional mechanics, numerous philosophical statements have been offered, one of which is ‘ quantum logic’ . The founders of quantum logic claim that on the basis of their observations in quantum level, the traditional logic, which previously served as the measurement for right and wrong arguments, lacks the proper efficiency and must be replaced by one of the expressions of quantum logic. In the present article, while shortly introducing quantum mechanics and quantum logic, we have avoided entering the formal discussions of quantum logic and used analytical method to investigate the possibility of replacing the traditional logic with quantum logic. According to this study, it was clarified that one must regard quantum logic just as a mathematical formulization, not an alternative logic, because firstly it is dependent on a certain statement of Schrodinger’ s equation, and secondly, one must use traditional logic to falsify it. Applying this logic to traditional and quantum logic would result in truth and falsehood of both logics and not falsehood of traditional logic and truth of alternative logic.

Over the last few decades, many studies have been resulted in landslide susceptibility maps using different techniques including the probability method (frequency ratio), the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), bivariate, multivariate, logistic regression, fuzzy logic and artificial neural network (ANN). This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of the occurrence of landslides in the Vazroud watershed located in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran. The achieved results were based on three methods of frequency ratio model, statistical index (Wi) and weighting factor (Wf), which integrated to Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Vazroud as mountainous watershed morphologically is with increasing occurrence of landslides and it caused many failures of the mass movement, which seem continues now. In order to reduce the effects of this occurrence, it is necessary to scientifically assess the area where are susceptible to the landslide. For this reason, landslide susceptible areas were mapped and the landslide occurrence parameters were analyzed using three different methods. The results of these analyses were confirmed using the relative operating characteristics curve (ROC). The validation process showed that the value for the area under the ROC curve for the Wf method was found to be 0.962, with an estimated standard error of 0.002 and is better in prediction than the other methods of frequency ratio and the statistical index (Wi) model.

Background and aim: Anthropogenic water scarcity is among global concerns which threats the sustainability of the world in future. Overexploiting limited blue water resources for supplying human’, s growing food demand is the main root of such a scarcity. Being still in its infancy, water footprint (WF) benchmarking is a proper method to determine the inefficient fraction of water consumption. Hence, we assessed if achieving benchmark levels can limit agricultural WF to its sustainable cap in Khuzestan province, which is the agricultural backbone of Iran. Method: The research consists of three stages including WF accounting, and sustainability and efficiency assessment. First, consumptive and degradative WFs were accounted for 32 in counties of Khuzestan province over the period 1986-2016. Green and blue WFs were accounted by dividing green and blue evapotranspiration by crop’, s yield, respectively. The AquaCrop model was used to simulate daily evapotranspiration, and then, seasonal values were estimated by aggregating daily values. Grey WF was estimated for the applied nitrogen fertilizer in croplands. In the next stage, the sustainability status of water consumption pattern was assessed by dividing overall blue WF by blue water availability. The latter was estimated by subtracting environmental flow requirements from natural runoff. Thereafter, WF benchmarks were extracted for 10th, 25th, and 50th level of crop production, and based on which, the inefficient fractions of blue WFs were estimated for individual crops. Finally, inefficient blue WFs were compared with unsustainable ones to know if achieving benchmark levels can limit agricultural blue water consumption to its sustainable caps in the study area. A correlation assessment was also done to determine the main roots of inefficiency in Khuzestan province. Results: Along with a 63% increase in crop production and 53 increase in unit blue WF, the overall blue WF increased by 80% over the study period. Such an increasing pattern caused groundwater overexploitation with an annual average rate of 12 million m3 y-1. The contribution of green WF in consumptive WF decreased from 60% in 1986 to 48% in 2016. Overall grey WF, however, followed a decreasing trend, with an average annual decreasing slope of 140 m3 ha-1 y-1, which mainly occurred by a considerable reduction in cash crop’, s grey WF. In 2016, a total of 0. 98 billion m3 of blue water was consumed unsustainably, which was roughly 85% higher than one in 1986. The number of countries with unsustainable water consumption also increased from 2 counties in 1986, to 9 counties in 2016. Stable crops had the largest contribution in unsustainable WF. Based on the results of efficiency assessment, and considering WF benchmarks developed at 25th of crop production level, inefficient blue WF varies in the range of 0. 26 to 606 million m3 y-1 in different counties in 2016. Compared with 1986, the inefficiency increased by 10-3860 m3 ha-1 in 16 counties in 2016. While achieving benchmark levels can reduce blue WF to its sustainable level at provincial scale, unsustainable blue WFs in Andimeshk and Ramshir counties are still 6. 8 and 340. 9 million m3 higher than the inefficient blue WFs, respectively. The correlation assessment showed that inefficiency increase along with any increase in added value by agricultural production and/or export, unit blue WF, blue water scarcity level, and access to groundwater consumption,while it decreases with any increase in the number of employees per ha, crop yield, and cash crop’, s harvested area. Conclusion: WF assessment showed that crop production in Khuzestan province is done at the cost of deteriorating environment, which threats the stability of agricultural system in near future. While achieving benchmark levels helps with being limited to sustainable WF caps through removing inefficient blue WF fractions, there are still the risk of unsustainability in some regions, which indicates the importance of high-resolution assessments for determining hotspots. Hence, further research is required to determine temporal hotspots as well, in order to implement a proper sustainable development plans.

When hearing the term fuzzy logic, the first thing that the mind immediately goes to is the field of non-deterministic arguments, and if we want to use a term close to it to make its meaning a little clearer, we can say that fuzzy logic is the same as Armagon's logic. It is an approximation that, ironically, the literal meaning of the word "argument" also refers to the clarification of something by the same thing (function input or armagon). Now the basic question is that while the educated mind of man has considered logic as equivalent to the mechanism of definite perceptions and accurate results for more than a thousand years, how can we talk about the invention of a logical method that is based on uncertainty? This question is doubly important from the aspect that our approximate arguments in the context of our lived life are more than our exact, definite and unambiguous arguments, that is, the same arguments that classical logic, whether in its old or new language, He leaves it aside and does not pay attention to them, and of course he is forced to do this because he does not have the tools to analyze these arguments. This is where we unknowingly remind ourselves of Bacon's angry regret, who considers Aristotelian logic to be a fantasy that causes waste and diversion of great talents over many centuries, a continuous and constant effort without helping a person to improve the quality of his life; A bunch of delusional nonsense, the result of which, perhaps in the most optimistic state, is Scott's adversary and the victory of futility in verbal disputes, of course, if we do not say only pointless boasting and scrutiny based on rhetoric, the fruit of which is the explanation of rational axioms. If Mr. Bacon knew about fuzzy logic, he would have corrected his view of logic, and to be more precise, he would have separated Aristotle from logic, not logic from science. One of the most important advantages of fuzzy logic is that it can introduce a way to enter the knowledge and experiences of experts into intelligent systems that are based on sensitive and practical decisions and choices and develop the previous absolute correct and incorrect logic. The basis of the analysis in the present research is to examine the components of two types of logic, i.e. classical logic and fuzzy logic, and clarify the understanding of the logical concepts and philosophical foundations of classical logic, as well as comparing it with the concepts of fuzzy logic. The research results indicate: these two types of logic have fundamental differences from an epistemological point of view; Aristotle's epistemological foundation is based on the certainty-oriented duality of "either this/or that", while the fuzzy epistemological foundation is based on a multi-valued system and that both logics are a contradictory understanding of what the mind and the external world are and the connection between They both give hands.

One of the basic elements of water resources management and increasing agricultural productivity is the optimal use of (water) resources. The water footprint index is one of the new approaches used for this purpose. In this study, the water footprint approach was used to optimize the cultivation pattern of crops in different climates of Iran. For this purpose, 11 crops were selected in six different climates of Iran and after calculating the water footprint of the cultivated crops, the RIS indicators and the actual blue water footprint (WFAblue) were evaluated. After evaluating and calculating the indicators, the TOPSIS optimization method was used to provide the optimal cultivation pattern. Results showed that among the proposed products, wheat, barley, alfalfa, cotton, and tobacco had the highest amount of green water footprint, of which the highest one was corresponded to the PH-C-W climate. However, the highest blue and gray water footprint are mainly related to rice, beans, cotton and tobacco, which is due to the high water consumption of these products (high water demand). Evaluation of the optimization model also showed that the most optimal crops for cultivation in the region were respectively corn with 39%, barley with 23%, potato with 20%, tomato with 7% and wheat with 1% priorities. The most undesirable crops for cultivation in the provinces of the country were respectively, tobacco, cotton, beans, rice, sugar beet and alfalfa.